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}} |nickname = City of Iron |total_type = |motto = |translit_lang1 = Korean |translit_lang1_type = Chŏsŏn'gŭl |translit_lang1_info = |translit_lang1_type1 = Hancha |translit_lang1_info1 = 淸津市 |translit_lang1_type2 = |translit_lang1_info2 = Ch'ŏngjin-si |translit_lang1_type3 = |translit_lang1_info3 = Cheongjin-si |image_skyline = Chongjin.jpg |imagesize = |image_map = |image_caption = Downtown Chongjin in September 2011, as seen from the city's monument of Kim Il-sung. |mapsize = |image_map1 = |mapsize1 = |map_caption1 = |image_dot_map = |dot_mapsize = |dot_map_caption = |dot_x = |dot_y = |pushpin_map = North_Korea |pushpin_label_position = |pushpin_map_caption = |pushpin_mapsize = |latd= 41 |latm=47 |latNS=N |longd=129 |longm=46 |longEW=E |subdivision_type = Country |subdivision_name = |subdivision_type1 = Province |subdivision_name1 = North Hamgyong |subdivision_type2 = |subdivision_name2 = |subdivision_type3 = |subdivision_name3 = |subdivision_type4 = |subdivision_name4 = |seat_type = |seat = |government_footnotes = |government_type = |leader_title = |leader_name = |leader_title1 = |leader_name1 = |leader_title2 = |leader_name2 = |leader_title3 = |leader_name3 = |leader_title4 = |leader_name4 = |established_title = |established_date = |established_title1 = |established_date1 = |established_title2 = |established_date2 = |established_title3 = |established_date3 = |founder = |named_for = |area_magnitude = |unit_pref = |area_footnotes = |area_total_km2 =269 |area_land_km2 = |area_water_km2 = |area_water_percent = |area_urban_km2 = |area_metro_km2 = |area_blank1_title = |area_blank1_km2 = |elevation_footnotes = |elevation_m = |elevation_ft = |elevation_max_m = |elevation_max_ft = |elevation_min_m = |elevation_min_ft = |population_as_of =2008 |population_footnotes = |population_note = |population_total =627000 |population_density_km2 = |population_metro = |population_density_metro_km2 = |population_urban = |population_density_urban_km2 = |population_blank1_title = Dialect |population_blank1 = Hamgyong |population_density_blank1_km2 = |timezone = Pyongyang Time |utc_offset = +08:30 |coordinates_type = |coordinates_display = |postal_code_type = |postal_code = |area_code = |twin1 = |twin1_country = |twin2 = |twin2_country = |twin3 = |twin3_country = |twin4 = |twin4_country = |twin5 = |twin5_country = |twin6 = |twin6_country = |twin7 = |twin7_country = |blank_name = |blank_info = |blank1_name = |blank1_info = |blank2_name = |blank2_info = |blank3_name = |blank3_info = |blank4_name = |blank4_info = |blank5_name = |blank5_info = |blank6_name = |blank6_info = |website = |footnotes = }} Chŏngjin ( (:tɕʰʌŋdʑin ɕʰi)) is the capital of North Korea's North Hamgyong Province and the country's third largest city. It is sometimes called the ''City of Iron''. ==History== Chongjin was a small fishing village prior to the Japanese annexation of Korea; its date of establishment is unknown. The Chinese characters for its name mean 'clear river crossing'.〔 During the Russo-Japanese War of 1904-1905, Japanese forces landed at Chongjin, and established a supply base due to its proximity to the front lines in Manchuria. The Japanese remained after the end of the war, and in 1908, declared the city an open trading port both for transport of Korean resources and as a stopping point for resources from China.〔http://www.communitywalk.com/location_info/363120/356350〕 The city was known during this period as “Seishin”, after the Japanese pronunciation of the Chinese characters for its name. The Imperial Japanese Army’s 19th Division was headquartered in Ranam from 1918, where the Japanese built a new planned city based on a rectangular street grid.〔 In the 1930, Nippon Steel built a large steel mill, the Seishin Iron and Steel Works, in the town. Ranam was annexed to Chongjin in 1940, which was elevated to city status. The city was overrun after a brief resistance by the Soviet Union on August 13, 1945, only a couple of days before the end of World War II. Under the rule of North Korea, Chongjin remained an important military and industrial center. It was directly administered by the central government from 1960-1967 and from 1977-1988. During the North Korean famine of the 1990s, Chongjin was one of the worst affected locations in the country; death rates may have been as high as 20 percent.〔 Conditions there remain poor in terms of food availability.〔 This problem has caused several instances of civil unrest in Chongjin, a rarity in North Korea. On March 4, 2008, a crowd of women merchants protested in response to tightened market controls.〔 Rising grain prices and government attempts to prohibit "peddling in the market" have been cited as causes for the protests.〔 As a result of the protest, the Chongjin local government "posted a proclamation allowing peddling in the market."〔Good Friends, “North Korea Today,” No. 113 (Mar. 14, 2008)〕 On August 24, 2008, a clash occurred between foot patrol agents and female merchants, which escalated into a "massive protest rally". It was reported that the Chongjin local government issued verbal instructions relaxing the enforcement activity until the time of the next grain ration.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Chongjin」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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